ILFA | Opposing Punitive and Unprecedented Taxation

Tackling the "Tackling Predatory Litigation Funding Act"

S. 1821 | H.R. 3512

Commercial legal finance levels the playing field for individuals and businesses, providing capital to pursue meritorious claims and protect intellectual property rights. It allows businesses – large and small – to invest in economic development, innovation, and job creation in local communities, rather than expend limited resources on litigation.

  • S. 1821/H.R. 3512 would create an unprecedented and punitive 40.8% minimum taxation rate for legal finance transactions. This proposal would inhibit access to justice by devaluing and limiting investment in addition to inviting other politically-motivated taxation targeting industries and groups for ideological reasons.
  • The bill would harm investors, which include tax-exempt pension plans, foundations, and religious organizations. It could also negatively affect the ability to invest in a broad range of businesses, including those with affirmative litigation claims, distressed/insolvent companies and affiliated bankruptcy trustees, law firms, and insurer subrogees.
  • The bill would allow for double taxation of partnerships by taxing income at both the entity and shareholder level, violating fundamental principles of pass-through taxation. This would complicate the ability of partnerships and the IRS to allocate income, losses, and credits among partners.

Key Provisions and Their Consequences

WHAT THE BILL DOES

ISSUES CREATED

Applies a 40.8% minimum tax on legal finance investments

Nearly double the 21% corporate tax rate, penalizing a specific asset class for ideological reasons

Imposes tax at the entity level

Effectively taxes tax-exempt investors, violates principles of pass-through taxation, conflicts with tax treaties, and creates the potential for double taxation

Contains “anti-netting” provisions

Imposes tax on gains without offsetting for losses, increasing the effective tax rate over 40.8%

Eliminates “capital asset” treatment

Creates additional tax consequences for investors

Takes effect in 2026

Retroactively taxes investments made in prior years

Broader Harms Beyond Legal Finance Firms

GROUP

NEGATIVE EFFECTS

Tax-exempt investors (e.g., pension plans, foundations, and non-profits)

Tax-exempt investors in commercial legal finance will face effective taxation above 40.8% due to the Act’s entity-level tax  

Recipients of legal finance (e.g., SMEs, IP owners, bankruptcy trustees, whistleblowers, insurer subrogees, and attorneys)

The Act will deter investment in commercial legal finance, which will reduce competition in the market and limit access to justice

Courts and defendant corporations

Cases may require more capital and time to resolve

Attorneys

Creates withholding liability

In The News

Don’t weaponize the tax code against the litigation finance industry

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Litigation Funding Tax Proposal Solves Nothing Besides Optics

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Op-Ed: Paul Kong: The commercial litigation finance industry responds to Sen. Tillis’s punitive tax bill

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Fortress Pushes Back on Tillis-Hern Tax Proposal Targeting Litigation Funding

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Trump Allies Fight Big Business in Litigation Finance Tax Split

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Shelve the ‘Tackling Predatory Litigation Funding Act’

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ILFA Insights

SRZ Client Alert:  “Proposed Bill Would Create New Tax Regime Introducing Uncertainty and Threatening Broad Credit Markets and Beyond”

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A Tax on Justice: Paul Kong Slams Bill Targeting Litigation Finance

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Sen. Tillis Bill Has Far-Reaching Impact on Corporate Lending Beyond Litigation Finance

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ILFA and Litigation Law Firms Align on Punitive Tillis Tax Bill on Trial Lawyers and Their Clients

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